On Radio:
How to deal with spotty FM reception


by Bill Virgin
SeattlePI.com
December 26, 2007

Seattle is tough on FM radio signals. Between hills, valleys, buildings and tunnels, getting good reception can be a challenge for listeners.

Local radio stations try to deal with the challenges by moving to high ground, which is why so many transmitters cluster atop Cougar Mountain or the even taller West Tiger Mountain. Others use translators to fill holes in their coverage area; KMTT-FM/103.7, for example, has an alternate signal for downtown listeners, broadcast from the Metropolitan Park office towers, at 103.3.

And some listeners give up trying to get a signal over the air and rely on cable-television services that also provide FM station signals.

Which is fine as long as the cable company offers the service. A change in one company's offerings prompted this lament from a reader:

"Any clues on how to improve our FM reception? I bought an antenna at Radio Shack but no signal improvement, and I've tried a coax cable run up a wall with equally negative results. We live in a downtown condo. What else can we do?"

For some advice on how listeners can improve reception, as well as a primer on how and why radio signals behave as they do in these parts, we turn to Clay Freinwald, a 40-year-plus veteran of the broadcasting business who handles engineering tasks for Entercom's radio stations in this region as well as KING-FM and Bustos Media; he's also a director of the Seattle chapter of the Society of Broadcast Engineers.

Freinwald confirms that the region's topography creates headaches for broadcasters and listeners alike. "This area is cursed with having a lot of topographic variation," he says.

That doesn't automatically mean that listeners on the other side of a hill from a transmitter can't hear anything. The idea that FM signals are purely line-of-sight phenomena is "an urban legend mixed with a contraction of physics," Freinwald says. "You can be in your home, you can't see Cougar or Tiger Mountain, but you can receive FM just fine. ... Radio signals will reflect (off buildings) and refract."

But that bouncing and bending has limitations. If you're trying to pick up an FM signal while on the far side of Alki, with 500 feet of earth to your back, "your FM reception is going to be putrid," Freinwald says.

Radio broadcasters try to mitigate some of topography's effects by getting as high as they can. "The higher you go, the less shadow there is," he says. KUOW-FM/94.9 is one of the last major holdouts on Capitol Hill, which gives it great downtown coverage but limited reach around the region, he adds.

Radio listeners in the country have been known to rig up all sorts of external antennas in odd locations to get a better signal, Freinwald says. For those who live in downtown buildings, aiming at an east-facing window may help (since that's the direction most FM transmitters are located). Apartment buildings often used to have a common rooftop antenna that individual units could connect to, and some similar arrangement might work. (KUOW's Web site suggests such steps as moving the radio to a different room, connecting to an outdoor antenna or amplifier to boost the signal.)

Reception can also vary by radio, since "not all radios are made alike," Freinwald says. "Some are made for difficult situations." Another possibility: HD radio, a digital technology that delivers both more channels and a better signal. "It is wonderful, especially in downtown areas where FM signals turn to mush" due to a phenomenon known as multipath (defined as the same station's signal reaching an antenna via several routes, sometimes at slightly different times). The only drawback is that HD doesn't operate at as much power as conventional analog signals.

What about AM radio? Early sets had a place to connect an external aerial; since AM waves are longer than FM "you need a lot of surface area" to properly capture the desired station.

Eventually radio manufacturers came up with internal aerials, which meant "an awful lot of compromise," Freinwald says. "The art of the (outside) aerial has been lost."

There is a work-around for listeners. Freinwald suggests placing the radio next to the telephone, or even coiling the phone cord and setting the radio on it, or under it, depending on what works best. What you're doing is borrowing the telephone line, through the properties of induction, as an antenna. Properly positioned, "That radio will leap to life," he says.

Perhaps the best advice available is to keep experimenting. As both broadcasters and listeners know, Freinwald says, "Radio signals do quirky things."

In other radio notes:

KIRO-AM/710 has a new host for the 7-10 p.m. weekday slot: Luke Burbank, a one-time staffer at KUOW-FM who later joined National Public Radio and most recently was co-host of its news magazine "The Bryant Park Project." It's also hoping for a new show, one which, the station says, "will appeal to a younger demographic." KIRO has gone through numerous shows and hosts at nights; the sports-talk show hosted by New York Vinnie was dropped in August.


The Metropolitan Opera performs Humperdinck's "Hansel and Gretel" at 10:30 a.m. Saturday on KING-FM/98.1.

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P-I reporter Bill Virgin can be reached at 206-448-8319 or billvirgin@seattlepi.com.

© 1998-2007 Seattle Post-Intelligencer

Quoted from "Bill Virgin"

Radio broadcasters try to mitigate some of topography's effects by getting as high as they can.

Like .. crazy, man.  The more things change ...heh heh heh.  

Who CARES about FM reception now .....  

The solution for FM reception problems is called AM...  Now I'll just sit back to see if the fur flies...